How do I treat a dog struck by an automobile or injured in a severe fight?

Immediate actions — first 60 seconds

1. Safely muzzle the dog: injured dogs bite out of reflex pain (do NOT muzzle if vomiting or struggling for air). 2. Control massive hemorrhage: press a clean towel or gauze directly over bleeding wounds with firm, continuous pressure. 3. Immobilize the spine: slide the dog onto a flat, rigid board, blanket stretcher, or parcel shelf.